1 00:00:00,400 --> 00:00:03,400 Fire. 2 00:00:08,400 --> 00:00:10,800 Darn it fleet is expanding and he will 3 00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:13,040 not rest until he sent every convoy ship 4 00:00:13,040 --> 00:00:15,440 to the bottom of the North Atlantic. 5 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:17,279 >> Hitler 6 00:00:17,279 --> 00:00:20,640 Dit [music] has 300 Eubets. Monster wolf 7 00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:23,840 packs. We need more ships. 8 00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:25,760 >> You admirals are always asking for more 9 00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:28,320 and more ships. And when you get them, 10 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:32,119 things get no better. 11 00:00:34,719 --> 00:00:38,160 >> This is war, not a bloody board game. 12 00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:40,960 >> We have designed these tactics as tools 13 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:42,960 which will save you time when you're at 14 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:47,920 sea. Seconds that can save lives. 15 00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:51,680 >> I want this convoy wiped out. God, 16 00:00:51,680 --> 00:00:54,680 destroyed. 17 00:00:56,079 --> 00:00:58,000 What if 18 00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:03,239 what if we don't prevail out there? 19 00:01:06,159 --> 00:01:08,720 >> I need results. Scott. 20 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:11,119 >> And ladies, remember the work we are 21 00:01:11,119 --> 00:01:13,920 doing here is more important than ever. 22 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:17,560 Never forget that. 23 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:20,640 If there's going to be an unconditional 24 00:01:20,640 --> 00:01:23,200 surrender, [music] it will be theirs, 25 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:26,439 not ours. 26 00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:41,600 Admiral Carl Dernitz, head of the Yubot 27 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:44,720 fleet and rising star of the Nazi party, 28 00:01:44,720 --> 00:01:48,920 has been summoned by Hitler. 29 00:02:01,831 --> 00:02:03,851 >> [music] 30 00:02:09,036 --> 00:02:11,056 [music] 31 00:02:22,136 --> 00:02:24,156 [music] 32 00:02:24,239 --> 00:02:27,280 >> Dunit was a dedicated Nazi. 33 00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:30,959 He was with a Nazi cause. He believed in 34 00:02:30,959 --> 00:02:33,519 the furer. He loved the fur. He admired 35 00:02:33,519 --> 00:02:35,840 the furer. He said the furer is a 36 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:39,221 genius. [clears throat] 37 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,000 >> Hitler. 38 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:46,640 After failing to stop the convoys using 39 00:02:46,640 --> 00:02:48,879 surface ships, the head of the German 40 00:02:48,879 --> 00:02:51,519 Navy has resigned. 41 00:02:51,519 --> 00:02:53,280 >> And Dernets is waiting in [music] the 42 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:56,800 wings to take his place. He's absolutely 43 00:02:56,800 --> 00:02:59,760 thrilled. I won't let you down. This is 44 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:02,080 >> because having nursed these ideas and 45 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:02,720 ambitions [music] 46 00:03:02,720 --> 00:03:05,280 of winning the Atlantic War with Ubot, 47 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:09,720 he's all of a sudden in control. 48 00:03:10,159 --> 00:03:12,400 And so from [music] January 1943, he 49 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:14,239 feels that he's invincible and 50 00:03:14,239 --> 00:03:17,239 unstoppable. 51 00:03:17,920 --> 00:03:21,200 >> At Watu, the western approach's tactical 52 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:24,400 unit, Captain Gilbert Roberts and Renene 53 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:26,959 Lelaw, are tasked with devising 54 00:03:26,959 --> 00:03:29,680 anti-ubot tactics. 55 00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:31,599 >> Churchill always said that one of the 56 00:03:31,599 --> 00:03:33,120 things that he most feared in the war 57 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:36,080 was the Atlantic war, was the Yubot war. 58 00:03:36,080 --> 00:03:38,772 Roberts and Laid Law at Watu feel this 59 00:03:38,772 --> 00:03:42,200 [music] pressure enormously. 60 00:03:42,560 --> 00:03:45,040 >> Ladies, 61 00:03:45,040 --> 00:03:47,760 I'm not going to sugarcoat this. We need 62 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:50,080 food supplies. 63 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:52,560 Dennit's fleet is expanding and he will 64 00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:54,720 not rest until he sent every convoy ship 65 00:03:54,720 --> 00:03:57,040 to the bottom of the North Atlantic. 66 00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:59,439 >> And ladies, remember the work we are 67 00:03:59,439 --> 00:04:02,239 doing here is more important than ever. 68 00:04:02,239 --> 00:04:04,720 And every one of you plays an essential 69 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:08,319 part. Never forget that all of us, it's 70 00:04:08,319 --> 00:04:11,840 our job to prove that these tactics work 71 00:04:11,840 --> 00:04:15,640 to teach these officers. 72 00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:17,199 >> Uh, you too. 73 00:04:17,199 --> 00:04:18,479 >> Good morning, gentlemen. 74 00:04:18,479 --> 00:04:20,400 >> The officers attending the Watu 75 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:23,120 Wargaming courses, learn the tactics 76 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:24,960 they will use at sea. 77 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:27,759 >> Watu now starts to give these courses to 78 00:04:27,759 --> 00:04:29,680 many, [music] many people. They run from 79 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:32,560 Monday till Saturday every single week. 80 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:36,080 day in day out from February uh 1942 81 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:37,520 until the end of the war. 82 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:41,040 >> Below you is the North Atlantic. Each 83 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:44,400 line marks a mile. The Ubot will be 84 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:46,240 invisible to you as they would be in 85 00:04:46,240 --> 00:04:48,960 normal conditions at sea. If you could 86 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:50,479 take your places behind the screens, 87 00:04:50,479 --> 00:04:53,479 please. 88 00:04:56,560 --> 00:04:58,320 You have two minutes for your first 89 00:04:58,320 --> 00:04:59,840 move. 90 00:04:59,840 --> 00:05:02,080 Be decisive. 91 00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:05,800 Communicate effectively. 92 00:05:07,120 --> 00:05:09,600 >> Go. 93 00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:12,000 >> Wargaming has been used for centuries to 94 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,320 test how armies might operate in a 95 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:17,680 future war. It is the only way to 96 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:20,400 explore how an enemy might think without 97 00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:22,800 actually fighting a battle with them. 98 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:25,440 New German reactions were explored. They 99 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:27,199 were then introduced into the training 100 00:05:27,199 --> 00:05:30,240 process so that in the battle space in 101 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:32,400 the Atlantic when an order was given 102 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:35,360 everybody knew what to do. 103 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:38,080 >> This is not a game. This is training for 104 00:05:38,080 --> 00:05:41,080 war 105 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:47,000 >> time. 106 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:50,000 What scarce food supplies do get past 107 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:52,479 the Ubot in the North Atlantic are 108 00:05:52,479 --> 00:05:55,120 spread thinly around the British Isles 109 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:58,400 and Soviet territories. 110 00:05:58,400 --> 00:05:59,360 >> Good morning. 111 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:00,240 >> Morning, sir. 112 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:03,039 >> Rationing hit Britain incredibly hard. 113 00:06:03,039 --> 00:06:06,160 In 1943, you're allowed 4 ounces of 114 00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:09,120 bacon a week, 2 oz of butter. This is a 115 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:12,000 very small. One egg, one fresh egg a 116 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:13,199 week. 117 00:06:13,199 --> 00:06:16,240 >> One sausage, one slice of toast. 118 00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:19,600 >> One egg, one slice of toast. 119 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:20,960 >> Together, they make quite a decent 120 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:22,560 breakfast. 121 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:24,160 >> And we're the lucky ones. 122 00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:28,360 >> True, true. 123 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:32,880 I see the cues. 124 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:37,639 >> Mothers having to say no all the time. 125 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:46,880 You're not going to eat that, Gilbert. 126 00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:49,759 I don't seem to want to. 127 00:06:49,759 --> 00:06:52,000 >> Gilbert Roberts was cast out of the Navy 128 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,240 because he had TB and his health has 129 00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:56,639 been an issue for him all through the 130 00:06:56,639 --> 00:07:01,680 war to the point where by the time 1943 131 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:04,240 his weight was down to eight stone and 132 00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:06,160 on a man that [music] is dangerously 133 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:07,599 underweight. But 134 00:07:07,599 --> 00:07:09,039 >> you have to eat. 135 00:07:09,039 --> 00:07:11,199 >> I know I should just can't find my 136 00:07:11,199 --> 00:07:14,199 appetite. 137 00:07:18,639 --> 00:07:20,960 They realize that every single day that 138 00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:22,960 they don't come up with a solution, more 139 00:07:22,960 --> 00:07:25,360 and more ships are going down. Ships not 140 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:28,080 only means material, it also means human 141 00:07:28,080 --> 00:07:31,720 lives are being lost. 142 00:07:38,080 --> 00:07:40,960 One of the victories by Dennis's Yubot 143 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:44,720 Wolfpacks comes in March of 1943. 144 00:07:44,720 --> 00:07:47,680 In mid-Atlantic, there were nearly a 145 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:52,479 hundred Allied surface transports, what 146 00:07:52,479 --> 00:07:54,319 the Yubot might have called a 147 00:07:54,319 --> 00:07:56,639 target-rich environment. And Dunets 148 00:07:56,639 --> 00:07:59,120 vetored several wolf packs in their 149 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:01,360 direction, and they had something of a 150 00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:04,560 field day. 151 00:08:19,440 --> 00:08:23,919 another hit. Disit has 300 EUetss 152 00:08:23,919 --> 00:08:26,800 monster wolf packs. We have nowhere near 153 00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:29,280 enough escorts to match that. 154 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:31,199 >> But Roberts and Horton will not be 155 00:08:31,199 --> 00:08:32,560 outgamed. 156 00:08:32,560 --> 00:08:35,120 The Rens are set the task of wargaming 157 00:08:35,120 --> 00:08:39,360 the battle in real time. They add extra 158 00:08:39,360 --> 00:08:42,159 naval support ships to assess how many 159 00:08:42,159 --> 00:08:46,599 merchant vessels [music] could be saved. 160 00:08:48,160 --> 00:08:53,040 >> Ren, what's the tonnage lost so far? 161 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:57,399 >> What are you waiting for? Find out. 162 00:08:57,440 --> 00:09:00,160 These two convoys traveling in tandem 163 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:00,959 lost [music] 164 00:09:00,959 --> 00:09:05,440 22 ships to yubot attack. That's over 165 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:07,680 300 lives. 166 00:09:07,680 --> 00:09:09,920 All of these men struggling desperately 167 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:12,000 to get out of the boats before they slip 168 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:14,000 underwater. These boats [music] go down 169 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:16,720 in seconds. Not only was it a 170 00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:19,040 devastating loss to the war effort, but 171 00:09:19,040 --> 00:09:21,680 it was a tragic end to so many seaman's 172 00:09:21,680 --> 00:09:24,680 lives. 173 00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:28,160 If we had those support ships, we could 174 00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:30,560 have saved eight ships. As I've been 175 00:09:30,560 --> 00:09:33,040 telling the Admiral T for months, I 176 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:34,320 can't wait for them to make up their 177 00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:35,680 bloody minds. If you want something 178 00:09:35,680 --> 00:09:38,080 done, do it yourself. I'm going to tell 179 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:41,640 Churchill myself. 180 00:09:47,680 --> 00:09:51,160 There are times 181 00:09:51,519 --> 00:09:53,120 when I wonder is this how it's going to 182 00:09:53,120 --> 00:09:55,920 be for us. 183 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:57,440 Losses, 184 00:09:57,440 --> 00:09:59,360 defeats. 185 00:09:59,360 --> 00:10:03,440 >> Don't think like that. Give it time. 186 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:05,519 We'll show them. 187 00:10:05,519 --> 00:10:08,080 >> We will. 188 00:10:08,080 --> 00:10:10,640 But there must be times when you think 189 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:13,440 what if 190 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:17,519 what if we don't prevail out there. 191 00:10:17,519 --> 00:10:20,720 Of course, everyone thinks about that 192 00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:23,760 from time to time, but 193 00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:26,959 we have to fight those thoughts. 194 00:10:26,959 --> 00:10:29,680 Believe me, I do. The dark [music] 195 00:10:29,680 --> 00:10:32,560 nights of the soul and all that 196 00:10:32,560 --> 00:10:35,040 blood, toil, and sweat, as Churchill 197 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:37,120 said. 198 00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:40,959 And he also said we must 199 00:10:40,959 --> 00:10:44,519 never surrender. 200 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:53,600 >> We suddenly realized that this was a 201 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:57,079 serious war. 202 00:10:57,440 --> 00:11:00,160 And then Churchill was doing these 203 00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:03,600 inspiring broadcasts. So we had 204 00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:06,560 considerable confidence in how we were 205 00:11:06,560 --> 00:11:09,120 going to cope with it. 206 00:11:09,120 --> 00:11:11,440 We would fight them on the beaches and 207 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:14,079 fight them on the landing grounds, never 208 00:11:14,079 --> 00:11:16,640 surrender. And that's the sort of way we 209 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:20,040 felt really. 210 00:11:26,959 --> 00:11:30,079 Despite his elevated rank, Cal Dernets 211 00:11:30,079 --> 00:11:33,279 maintains direct contact with his Yubot 212 00:11:33,279 --> 00:11:35,519 fleet in the North Atlantic. 213 00:11:35,519 --> 00:11:38,640 >> He's now the Grand Admiral Dunets. 214 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:39,920 But first and foremost, he's a 215 00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:41,440 submariner. 216 00:11:41,440 --> 00:11:44,320 How do you win the war at sea? You win 217 00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:48,240 it under the ocean with your hubot. The 218 00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:53,200 sea war is the war of the hubot. It is a 219 00:11:53,200 --> 00:11:57,959 massive problem for Western approaches. 220 00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:00,560 Following Dernich's promotion, Rear 221 00:12:00,560 --> 00:12:03,600 Admiral Everheart Got is now head of 222 00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:07,160 Yubot operations. 223 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:10,880 >> This isn't Stalingrad. 224 00:12:10,880 --> 00:12:13,440 This isn't North Africa. 225 00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:15,120 In the North Atlantic, we win our 226 00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:18,120 battles. 227 00:12:18,560 --> 00:12:21,120 >> 100 Ubot here 228 00:12:21,120 --> 00:12:25,079 stalking the Black Pit. 229 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:29,440 100 being repaired. 230 00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:33,399 100 ready to be deployed. 231 00:12:34,399 --> 00:12:37,279 They don't stand a chance. 232 00:12:37,279 --> 00:12:38,560 They think they're going to invade 233 00:12:38,560 --> 00:12:41,200 France. 234 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:43,839 How? How will they get their troops 235 00:12:43,839 --> 00:12:46,639 across? 236 00:12:46,639 --> 00:12:50,320 >> The sea war is the yubot war. 237 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:52,000 If there's going to be an unconditional 238 00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:58,200 surrender, it will be theirs, not ours. 239 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:01,360 >> March 1943 really was a very successful 240 00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:03,839 month for the Yubo force. And it looked 241 00:13:03,839 --> 00:13:05,839 like if if it's really going on like 242 00:13:05,839 --> 00:13:08,880 that every month, then maybe we really 243 00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:10,880 have the chance to bring uh Britain to 244 00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:14,120 her knees. 245 00:13:17,680 --> 00:13:20,720 Following the loss of over 300 lives in 246 00:13:20,720 --> 00:13:23,519 the March battles, Admiral Horton is 247 00:13:23,519 --> 00:13:28,040 determined to increase his fleet. 248 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:31,360 >> Horton, I missed it. 249 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:32,959 >> Drink. 250 00:13:32,959 --> 00:13:36,440 >> No, thank you. 251 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:48,160 Prime Minister, we war gamed a scenario 252 00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:52,079 with two convoys in March. We added 253 00:13:52,079 --> 00:13:54,480 three groups of support ships, rapid 254 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:58,480 response units that um 255 00:13:58,480 --> 00:14:00,880 Horton has an ace up his sleeve and he 256 00:14:00,880 --> 00:14:02,880 can prove that the ships will make a 257 00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:05,519 difference cuz he has the strategy. He 258 00:14:05,519 --> 00:14:08,560 has the war game that proves extra ships 259 00:14:08,560 --> 00:14:11,839 can turn the war around for Britain. 260 00:14:11,839 --> 00:14:15,600 >> 22 ships were lost in that battle. 261 00:14:15,600 --> 00:14:18,000 If we'd had the extra support ships, as 262 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:20,000 I've been proposing to the Admiral T for 263 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:24,720 months, we could have saved eight ships. 264 00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:28,199 Eight ships. 265 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:31,680 Give me 15 [music] destroyers and we 266 00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:35,040 will beat the subs at their own game. 267 00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:37,040 You admirals. You admirals are always 268 00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:39,600 asking for more and more ships. And when 269 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:44,600 you get them, things get no better. 270 00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:49,040 But the war game does convince 271 00:14:49,040 --> 00:14:52,000 Churchill. By the end of the month, 272 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:55,199 Horton is granted his extra 15 warships, 273 00:14:55,199 --> 00:14:57,920 which he forms into five rapid response 274 00:14:57,920 --> 00:15:00,399 units. 275 00:15:00,399 --> 00:15:04,880 Amongst them is the destroyer HMS Oribe. 276 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:07,920 In April 1943, it arrives in [music] 277 00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:11,199 Belfast for repairs. 278 00:15:11,199 --> 00:15:13,440 A young Ren is watching from the 279 00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:15,760 plotting room in Belfast Castle that 280 00:15:15,760 --> 00:15:18,760 day. 281 00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:22,079 >> HMS Orabe came in one day because she'd 282 00:15:22,079 --> 00:15:25,680 been so damaged during the storm. The 283 00:15:25,680 --> 00:15:28,320 first thing they did was to send a 284 00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:30,560 message to say, "Send us half a dozen 285 00:15:30,560 --> 00:15:34,639 rens down to have a drink." 286 00:15:34,639 --> 00:15:37,120 So half a dozen of us went down to the 287 00:15:37,120 --> 00:15:40,160 Arab to have a drink. And that's how it 288 00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:43,040 all began. 289 00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:45,760 >> The 22year-old Christian is about to 290 00:15:45,760 --> 00:15:48,160 meet someone who will change her life 291 00:15:48,160 --> 00:15:51,199 forever and involve her in one of the 292 00:15:51,199 --> 00:15:53,440 most ferocious battles of the North 293 00:15:53,440 --> 00:15:56,440 Atlantic. 294 00:16:06,880 --> 00:16:10,399 Another three depth charges. 295 00:16:10,399 --> 00:16:12,480 He'd already used every single depth 296 00:16:12,480 --> 00:16:14,720 charge on his ship. Where did he think 297 00:16:14,720 --> 00:16:17,926 he was getting another three from 298 00:16:17,926 --> 00:16:18,639 [sighs] 299 00:16:18,639 --> 00:16:20,160 Thankfully, they can make their mistakes 300 00:16:20,160 --> 00:16:22,399 here and not at sea. 301 00:16:22,399 --> 00:16:24,959 >> H 302 00:16:24,959 --> 00:16:27,440 could I ask you something? Do you think 303 00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:29,440 I mean 304 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:32,160 should I talk more slowly 305 00:16:32,160 --> 00:16:34,320 and more quietly? I just tend to boom 306 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:36,959 someone, wouldn't you say? 307 00:16:36,959 --> 00:16:39,279 At times perhaps 308 00:16:39,279 --> 00:16:41,600 >> in Robert's early lectures it was 309 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:43,360 remarked upon that some of his speeches 310 00:16:43,360 --> 00:16:46,079 were garbled or unclear. His solution is 311 00:16:46,079 --> 00:16:48,399 brilliant. He goes to Liverpool theater 312 00:16:48,399 --> 00:16:51,279 where Tommy Handley is performing. 313 00:16:51,279 --> 00:16:53,120 >> Now go on buzz off. Bait your fishing ro 314 00:16:53,120 --> 00:16:54,639 with a sausage and catch a titl. 315 00:16:54,639 --> 00:16:55,360 >> A titler? 316 00:16:55,360 --> 00:16:58,079 >> Yes. An old titler. Tommy Hadley had a 317 00:16:58,079 --> 00:17:01,120 satirical radio show which took the mick 318 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:03,680 out of Hitler which of course allowed 319 00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:05,520 him to teach Roberts, you know, these 320 00:17:05,520 --> 00:17:06,880 little, you know, references he could 321 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:08,959 put into his talks to make them more 322 00:17:08,959 --> 00:17:10,959 interesting and engaging. 323 00:17:10,959 --> 00:17:13,199 >> I would like to get this thing right, 324 00:17:13,199 --> 00:17:16,079 get the message through, make them 325 00:17:16,079 --> 00:17:17,439 understand how important it is when 326 00:17:17,439 --> 00:17:18,160 they're out there. 327 00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:21,760 >> I think they do understand that. 328 00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:22,959 >> You know how I like to send them on 329 00:17:22,959 --> 00:17:24,400 their way with a [music] a memorable 330 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:28,079 line. given courage. I want to know I'm 331 00:17:28,079 --> 00:17:30,400 doing it right. 332 00:17:30,400 --> 00:17:32,559 >> The prime minister, 333 00:17:32,559 --> 00:17:35,360 he's rather fond of pauses. 334 00:17:35,360 --> 00:17:36,320 >> Yes. 335 00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:37,840 >> H. 336 00:17:37,840 --> 00:17:40,640 >> Very well. 337 00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:42,320 >> Would you mind listening? 338 00:17:42,320 --> 00:17:45,559 >> Of course. 339 00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:56,280 >> The Battle of the Atlantic. 340 00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:00,640 The battle for the Atlantic. 341 00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:02,960 >> The Watu course is teaching 342 00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:05,840 communications and coordination. What 343 00:18:05,840 --> 00:18:08,240 it's doing is enabling the escorts to 344 00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:10,559 work together more efficiently to 345 00:18:10,559 --> 00:18:12,880 communicate more clearly and to trust 346 00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:15,440 each other better. 347 00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:18,400 >> Escort commander Peter Gretton is a firm 348 00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:21,280 believer in the Waju courses. 349 00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:23,760 Gretan was an exceptional officer and 350 00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:25,280 clearly one of the bright lights and one 351 00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:27,039 of the the great escort captains and 352 00:18:27,039 --> 00:18:28,880 anti-ubmarine captains of the Second 353 00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:32,200 World War. 354 00:18:34,880 --> 00:18:38,000 >> If you had used half raspberry rather 355 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,160 than raspberry, this would not have 356 00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:42,240 happened. 357 00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:46,120 Have I made myself clear? 358 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:50,080 >> Half raspberry. I I sir 359 00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:51,760 >> an error made in a war game 360 00:18:51,760 --> 00:18:52,240 >> good 361 00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:54,720 >> can often give you greater insight than 362 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:56,640 complete success if everything runs 363 00:18:56,640 --> 00:18:59,200 smoothly and everything works what have 364 00:18:59,200 --> 00:19:00,480 you learned 365 00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:03,360 >> we have designed these tactics as tools 366 00:19:03,360 --> 00:19:05,360 which will save you time when you're at 367 00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:06,960 sea 368 00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:09,919 time that is crucial 369 00:19:09,919 --> 00:19:13,679 seconds that can save lives 370 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:21,880 Sir, 371 00:19:27,360 --> 00:19:29,280 the battle of the Atlantic is unlike any 372 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:31,840 other. 373 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:34,240 It is the war of the little ships and 374 00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:38,559 the lonely aircraft, long, patient, and 375 00:19:38,559 --> 00:19:40,880 unpublicized 376 00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:44,640 against our two great enemies, 377 00:19:44,640 --> 00:19:46,960 the Yubot 378 00:19:46,960 --> 00:19:51,240 and the Cruel Sea. 379 00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:53,840 Good luck 380 00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:56,400 and [music] God speed. One of the most 381 00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:58,960 important convoy battles of the entire 382 00:19:58,960 --> 00:20:00,320 battle of the Atlantic and for that 383 00:20:00,320 --> 00:20:05,480 matter of the entire war was OS5. 384 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:11,600 Dunis decided that he wanted to 385 00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:14,559 annihilate this convoy entirely [music] 386 00:20:14,559 --> 00:20:17,039 to demonstrate to the Allies that they 387 00:20:17,039 --> 00:20:19,360 could not venture onto this ocean, that 388 00:20:19,360 --> 00:20:23,600 that convoy could lose every ship in it. 389 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:26,559 So, 390 00:20:26,559 --> 00:20:29,559 ONS5, 391 00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:32,320 it's one of the largest single convoys 392 00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:34,559 ever undertaken. 393 00:20:34,559 --> 00:20:38,880 43 ships bound for Halifax. 394 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:40,960 On its return, it will be carrying tons 395 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:43,919 of vital food and raw materials. If you 396 00:20:43,919 --> 00:20:45,440 have something to say, man, say it to 397 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:48,440 me. 398 00:20:49,840 --> 00:20:52,000 We will be taking the north route. 399 00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:57,360 northwest to 61° 45 north 2911 west east 400 00:20:57,360 --> 00:21:00,480 of Eikt here and then southwest along 401 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:03,200 the great banks of New Foundland. 402 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:06,559 >> I know. I know. Ice. 403 00:21:06,559 --> 00:21:10,240 It's a risk. Yes, pack ice more so than 404 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,720 Bergs. It can slow [music] us down, 405 00:21:12,720 --> 00:21:14,880 damage ships. 406 00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:18,640 But what would you rather have? Ice or 407 00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:22,679 more time in the Black Pit? 408 00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:25,840 The Atlantic air gap, known as the Black 409 00:21:25,840 --> 00:21:29,440 Pit, is so far from any air bases, the 410 00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:32,240 convoys traveling through it have no air 411 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:34,880 support. 412 00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:37,840 As you know, we're on our own here. 413 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:40,080 This is where the Wolfpacks prowl. 414 00:21:40,080 --> 00:21:43,760 They'll shadow us. They'll attack at 415 00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:46,960 night. That's their MMO. 416 00:21:46,960 --> 00:21:48,880 >> There is some good news. A number of 417 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:50,559 longrange aircraft have been allocated 418 00:21:50,559 --> 00:21:52,640 to the convoys, but the weather is bad 419 00:21:52,640 --> 00:21:55,280 out there. Not even the VLRs can fly in 420 00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:56,159 those winds. 421 00:21:56,159 --> 00:21:58,720 >> If they could, there's a very small area 422 00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:01,600 here. Even they can't reach. We must 423 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:03,520 have our wits about us. 424 00:22:03,520 --> 00:22:05,520 >> The Watu tactics. Raspberry, half 425 00:22:05,520 --> 00:22:07,679 raspberry, artichoke, all of them. Drill 426 00:22:07,679 --> 00:22:09,440 them in. Know them the back of your hand 427 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:12,480 because out there we will need them. 428 00:22:12,480 --> 00:22:14,320 >> So 429 00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:16,480 observant, 430 00:22:16,480 --> 00:22:18,880 what's the formation? 431 00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:20,880 He was pretty hard driver. He could be 432 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:23,520 quite clipped and quite sharp. Uh even 433 00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:25,039 dealing with a young graduate student 434 00:22:25,039 --> 00:22:27,200 asking him questions. Why don't you know 435 00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:28,720 this? 436 00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:30,480 It should be second nature by now. 437 00:22:30,480 --> 00:22:34,200 Sharpen up, man. 438 00:22:45,120 --> 00:22:46,960 At the drinks [music] party on HMS 439 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:50,000 Ollie, Christian Holden meets first left 440 00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,159 tenant John Lamb. 441 00:22:52,159 --> 00:22:54,080 >> One of the things that I liked about him 442 00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:56,720 was his sense of humor, as we find a lot 443 00:22:56,720 --> 00:22:59,440 of things funny, which a lot of people 444 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:02,080 don't find funny. 445 00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:05,120 John and I got engaged after 10 days. 446 00:23:05,120 --> 00:23:07,120 And of course, we were only visiting 447 00:23:07,120 --> 00:23:09,039 each other part of the day. It wasn't 448 00:23:09,039 --> 00:23:12,400 like 10 days in a hotel or something. It 449 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:15,039 was just enough for us to realize that 450 00:23:15,039 --> 00:23:19,480 we liked each other enough. 451 00:23:21,039 --> 00:23:23,840 >> The feelings of the newly engaged couple 452 00:23:23,840 --> 00:23:25,919 are about to be tested to their very 453 00:23:25,919 --> 00:23:28,919 limit. 454 00:23:30,231 --> 00:23:30,960 >> [music] 455 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,840 >> On April the 22nd off the coast of 456 00:23:33,840 --> 00:23:38,960 Scotland, ONS5 assembles, 43 merchant 457 00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:42,720 vessels and seven escorts. 458 00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:45,360 In formation, it covers [music] over 8 459 00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:49,159 and a half miles. 460 00:23:51,760 --> 00:23:55,200 With annihilation as their goal, Dunits 461 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:58,559 and Gart reconfigure their wolf packs. 462 00:23:58,559 --> 00:24:01,120 >> Dunuts laid out the North Atlantic into 463 00:24:01,120 --> 00:24:03,919 a series of squares so that he could 464 00:24:03,919 --> 00:24:06,960 indicate to the Yubot in the Atlantic 465 00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:12,159 which grid was likely to be target rich. 466 00:24:12,159 --> 00:24:14,960 >> I think we moveer. 467 00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:18,320 Miser has 30. 468 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:21,039 >> We'll reconfigure Miser. It's obvious. 469 00:24:21,039 --> 00:24:23,520 We take 16 boats from here and we'll 470 00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:25,919 form a new patrol line [music] north 471 00:24:25,919 --> 00:24:30,400 south between latitude 61° 50 and 57° 472 00:24:30,400 --> 00:24:34,559 north 400 m east of Greenland. 473 00:24:34,559 --> 00:24:36,480 We'll call it group star and they'll 474 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:40,799 assemble at 0900 hours tomorrow morning. 475 00:24:40,799 --> 00:24:42,559 I [music] want this convoy wiped out. 476 00:24:42,559 --> 00:24:44,559 got 477 00:24:44,559 --> 00:24:47,559 destroyed. 478 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:53,360 >> The convoy is facing of course the 479 00:24:53,360 --> 00:24:55,520 threat of donuts as yubot. This coming 480 00:24:55,520 --> 00:24:58,080 right after the mass sinkings in March. 481 00:24:58,080 --> 00:24:59,840 Everybody's very fearful that this is 482 00:24:59,840 --> 00:25:01,919 going to happen again. But then the 483 00:25:01,919 --> 00:25:04,240 weather turns against them as well and 484 00:25:04,240 --> 00:25:08,320 gale force winds start to hit the ships. 485 00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:10,480 The day after Christian gets engaged to 486 00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:13,919 John Lamb, HMS Oribe sails out into the 487 00:25:13,919 --> 00:25:17,520 North Atlantic on a secret mission. 488 00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:20,480 >> The next morning, after we'd seen the 489 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:23,840 ship sailed down the estie, to imagine 490 00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:26,799 his going out into this dreadful storm, 491 00:25:26,799 --> 00:25:29,919 the ships were in great danger all the 492 00:25:29,919 --> 00:25:34,000 time. It was rarely the morning after he 493 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:38,559 left when I realized a feeling of real 494 00:25:38,559 --> 00:25:41,520 fear of what you might lose, 495 00:25:41,520 --> 00:25:45,760 which was so dreadful to think of. 496 00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:49,520 As ONS5 also heads into the storm, there 497 00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:53,600 is another serious setback. 498 00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:57,760 The news from submarine tracking is bad. 499 00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:01,120 Expect Ubot in the general area of New 500 00:26:01,120 --> 00:26:04,120 Fountain. 501 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:07,360 >> What? 502 00:26:07,360 --> 00:26:09,760 >> That's a large area, sir. Are there any 503 00:26:09,760 --> 00:26:10,880 bearings? 504 00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:12,799 >> If I had bearings, Ren, [music] 505 00:26:12,799 --> 00:26:17,880 I would give you bearings. Now get on. 506 00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:27,679 Code breakers at Brettley Park are 507 00:26:27,679 --> 00:26:30,080 unable to decipher the enigma coded 508 00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:32,559 messages from the Ubot. [music] 509 00:26:32,559 --> 00:26:35,600 >> What's going on? 510 00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:38,159 >> Why does this keep happening? 511 00:26:38,159 --> 00:26:41,679 >> If Horton knows where the Ubot are, he 512 00:26:41,679 --> 00:26:43,679 can get in contact with the escort 513 00:26:43,679 --> 00:26:47,760 commander of ONS5 and they can avoid the 514 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:48,720 threat. I've 515 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:50,640 >> got a convoy about to enter the Black 516 00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:56,080 Pit. No air cover. No. What? 517 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:58,523 Well, as soon as you know, I need to 518 00:26:58,523 --> 00:27:00,799 [music] know. 519 00:27:00,799 --> 00:27:04,240 >> But in April 1943, he doesn't have the 520 00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:06,400 intel. He has no idea where the Ubot 521 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,120 are. And that means that the convoy is 522 00:27:09,120 --> 00:27:13,400 heading into the unknown. 523 00:27:35,919 --> 00:27:37,840 They're like corks out there without 524 00:27:37,840 --> 00:27:41,440 cargo. We've already had one collision. 525 00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:43,440 >> Fuel at 62%. Sir, 526 00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:45,840 >> speed four knots. 527 00:27:45,840 --> 00:27:47,440 >> I shouldn't have to be dealing with 528 00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:51,520 this. A ship that guzzles fuel 8% a day. 529 00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:54,640 It's a fast. This is the North Atlantic. 530 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:55,919 >> We'll never be able to fill her with 531 00:27:55,919 --> 00:27:58,320 these waves. 532 00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:01,840 We've got a few more days and that's it. 533 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:04,399 >> HMS Duncan had boiler problems, so she 534 00:28:04,399 --> 00:28:06,799 was using more fuel than usual anyway. 535 00:28:06,799 --> 00:28:09,120 In addition, she was a fast destroyer, 536 00:28:09,120 --> 00:28:13,360 so her fuel use was very high. 537 00:28:13,360 --> 00:28:15,120 As Gretton [music] heads towards the 538 00:28:15,120 --> 00:28:17,840 Black Pit, the largest wolf pack of the 539 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:22,440 Second World War begins to assemble. 540 00:28:24,080 --> 00:28:27,679 The captain of Ubot 650 is hunting for 541 00:28:27,679 --> 00:28:30,679 prey. 542 00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:35,480 >> Mast head spotted. 543 00:28:35,760 --> 00:28:37,760 >> Message to Ubot headquarters. Convoy 544 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:40,080 spotted. Speed 8 to 10 knots. Bearing 545 00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:42,960 270. 546 00:28:42,960 --> 00:28:45,200 >> The message is ciphered on the Enigma 547 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:49,279 machine and radioed to Yubot command. 548 00:28:49,279 --> 00:28:51,760 That message would tell Dennuts what was 549 00:28:51,760 --> 00:28:53,760 coming, where it was coming, at what 550 00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:55,360 speed. 551 00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:57,600 He would then use the grid coordinates 552 00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:00,159 of the North Atlantic to send his own 553 00:29:00,159 --> 00:29:04,320 messages out to other Ubot in the area, 554 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:06,640 ordering them to congregate in the 555 00:29:06,640 --> 00:29:09,600 appropriate spot so that they could all 556 00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:14,360 attack the convoy as a Wolfpack. 557 00:29:16,075 --> 00:29:18,095 >> [music] 558 00:29:20,080 --> 00:29:22,720 >> Spotting a Yubert calling tower, Gretton 559 00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:27,080 calls on his Watu training. 560 00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:34,960 Yuvo sighted at a range of about 2 miles 561 00:29:34,960 --> 00:29:39,159 bearing 146. 562 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:44,559 Expect Yuvo contact at any time. 563 00:29:44,559 --> 00:29:46,240 Observant. 564 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:48,000 Observant. 565 00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:50,960 Observant. Also known as the square 566 00:29:50,960 --> 00:29:53,600 search. The escort ships conduct a 567 00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:56,320 twomile sweep in a square shape around 568 00:29:56,320 --> 00:29:58,880 the last known Ubot location. If the 569 00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:01,440 Ubot tries to escape the square, ASIC 570 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:04,000 will detect it and the Ubot can be depth 571 00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:07,000 charged. 572 00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:11,840 Convoy full speed ahead. Duncan and Tay 573 00:30:11,840 --> 00:30:14,480 observant. 574 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:16,159 The escorts that are in the area 575 00:30:16,159 --> 00:30:18,720 assigned by that tactic then search that 576 00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:20,399 square in the good knowledge that the 577 00:30:20,399 --> 00:30:21,679 Ubot is [music] probably operating 578 00:30:21,679 --> 00:30:25,240 within that area. 579 00:30:27,840 --> 00:30:30,320 In order to identify where it is, you 580 00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:32,640 need to flush him out with your sonar, 581 00:30:32,640 --> 00:30:35,039 your Azic. This is the soundwave that's 582 00:30:35,039 --> 00:30:37,440 going to ping off the shell of the 583 00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:41,120 yubot. The dreaded sound that no yubot 584 00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:44,640 captain wants to hear. 585 00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:51,520 When they're getting pinged by Azdic, 586 00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:53,039 they know that the British are getting 587 00:30:53,039 --> 00:30:54,880 close. Where they can hear escorts 588 00:30:54,880 --> 00:30:57,120 getting closer, they know their risk is 589 00:30:57,120 --> 00:30:59,679 increased. 590 00:30:59,679 --> 00:31:02,679 >> Dive. 591 00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:05,760 >> This causes them to go deep, go deeper, 592 00:31:05,760 --> 00:31:09,640 to evade the convoy. 593 00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:17,039 Once the ships are in the observant 594 00:31:17,039 --> 00:31:19,200 formation, 595 00:31:19,200 --> 00:31:21,760 Gretton launches a pattern of 10 depth 596 00:31:21,760 --> 00:31:24,760 charges. 597 00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:37,360 The convoy doesn't hit any Ubot that 598 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:40,720 day, but a potentially lethal attack is 599 00:31:40,720 --> 00:31:44,519 successfully deterred. 600 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,720 >> If you're a Ubot commander, you 601 00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:49,120 definitely want to avoid getting trapped 602 00:31:49,120 --> 00:31:52,399 by one of these tactics. As a result, 603 00:31:52,399 --> 00:31:54,799 most of the tactics used by Watu, even 604 00:31:54,799 --> 00:31:56,559 if they don't sink a Yubot, will 605 00:31:56,559 --> 00:32:00,080 dissuade it from attacking. 606 00:32:00,080 --> 00:32:03,279 >> And this was the basic rule in anti-ubot 607 00:32:03,279 --> 00:32:04,640 warfare. 608 00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:06,880 It's not necessary to actually sink a 609 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:10,080 yubot. Take away the chance of success 610 00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:12,799 and bring your ship and cargo home. 611 00:32:12,799 --> 00:32:17,000 That's what it's all about. 612 00:32:17,840 --> 00:32:19,760 Even though Donuts was head of the 613 00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:22,080 creeks marina, now when there was an 614 00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:24,399 important operation going on, then he 615 00:32:24,399 --> 00:32:27,992 tried to do as much as possible himself. 616 00:32:27,992 --> 00:32:28,480 [music] 617 00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:30,720 >> 16 boats were supposed to be in position 618 00:32:30,720 --> 00:32:34,919 by 0900 hours. 619 00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:37,120 Where are they? 620 00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:38,720 >> Yes, sir. 621 00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:44,159 >> Yes, sir. Yes, sir. 16 boats, sir. 622 00:32:44,159 --> 00:32:46,399 >> Where are they? 623 00:32:46,399 --> 00:32:49,279 >> They can't move. The wind. 624 00:32:49,279 --> 00:32:52,640 >> Don't whimper to me about bad weather 625 00:32:52,640 --> 00:32:54,880 and strong winds like some little French 626 00:32:54,880 --> 00:32:56,720 girl. 627 00:32:56,720 --> 00:33:00,760 Do you want to tell that to the furer? 628 00:33:01,360 --> 00:33:03,600 This is war. 629 00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:07,039 Not a bloody board game. 630 00:33:07,039 --> 00:33:10,600 Do your job. 631 00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:19,480 Get the boats then. Now attack. 632 00:33:36,640 --> 00:33:38,480 Although there is still no intelligence 633 00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:40,880 from Bletchley Park, the onboard 634 00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:44,320 technology on HMS Duncan picks up enemy 635 00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:47,799 radio frequencies. 636 00:33:54,880 --> 00:33:58,000 Bloody magpies chattering. Gretton's use 637 00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:00,000 of the term chattering of magpies merely 638 00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:02,559 indicates there were multiple signals. 639 00:34:02,559 --> 00:34:04,799 This cascade tells him that there's a 640 00:34:04,799 --> 00:34:08,240 major wolfpack converging on him. 641 00:34:08,240 --> 00:34:10,960 Message to Western approaches. 642 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:13,679 Submarine sighted. 643 00:34:13,679 --> 00:34:17,280 Position, course, and speed. 644 00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:21,359 61 37 [music] north 645 00:34:21,359 --> 00:34:23,040 32 646 00:34:23,040 --> 00:34:26,760 49 west. 647 00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:28,639 Huff tough activity suggests several 648 00:34:28,639 --> 00:34:31,520 more in the vicinity. 649 00:34:31,520 --> 00:34:33,280 >> It's even worse than they thought. 650 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:35,119 They're surrounded. It's a bit like 651 00:34:35,119 --> 00:34:37,520 being at a camp at night [music] in the 652 00:34:37,520 --> 00:34:40,000 moonlight and you can hear the wolves 653 00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:43,960 howling in the distance. 654 00:34:46,879 --> 00:34:49,040 Greten immediately messages Western 655 00:34:49,040 --> 00:34:52,240 approaches and tells them to send help. 656 00:34:52,240 --> 00:34:54,960 And this is the beautiful thing. Horton 657 00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:57,119 because he's already asked Churchill for 658 00:34:57,119 --> 00:34:59,599 his support groups is able to send some 659 00:34:59,599 --> 00:35:03,200 extra destroyers to help the convoy. 660 00:35:03,200 --> 00:35:05,359 >> Ren, 661 00:35:05,359 --> 00:35:10,400 >> message to Arab. Detach to support ONS5. 662 00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:13,709 Position course and speed 2120 hours 663 00:35:13,709 --> 00:35:19,839 [music] 61° 37 north 32° 49 west. 664 00:35:19,839 --> 00:35:24,240 Proceed at 20 knots, weather permitting. 665 00:35:24,240 --> 00:35:26,320 If he's wrong, then that support group 666 00:35:26,320 --> 00:35:27,839 has expended [music] fuel getting to 667 00:35:27,839 --> 00:35:30,000 that location and may not end up 668 00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:32,160 fighting any Ubot at all. If he's 669 00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:34,000 correct, they can make a decisive 670 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,160 difference to the battle. It's a vital 671 00:35:36,160 --> 00:35:40,280 decision that Horton's making. 672 00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:47,200 In the mountainous waves, the Audi 673 00:35:47,200 --> 00:35:50,720 travels slowly. It will be nearly 2 days 674 00:35:50,720 --> 00:35:54,560 before it reaches the convoy. 675 00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:56,640 Although there have been no direct hits 676 00:35:56,640 --> 00:35:59,680 on Durnitz's fleet, two Ubot have 677 00:35:59,680 --> 00:36:02,240 returned to base for repairs. 678 00:36:02,240 --> 00:36:05,119 >> The imbecility, 679 00:36:05,119 --> 00:36:06,880 the magnitude of it, 680 00:36:06,880 --> 00:36:10,000 >> it's Gale Force 10. The waves. 681 00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:13,760 >> You don't get it, do you? 682 00:36:13,760 --> 00:36:16,320 It's this. 683 00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:19,920 What Kretchma had, what Pin had, what 684 00:36:19,920 --> 00:36:24,760 Sheepka had, what I have. 685 00:36:26,480 --> 00:36:30,839 I need results. God, 686 00:36:39,920 --> 00:36:42,079 not tomorrow 687 00:36:42,079 --> 00:36:45,880 when the sun shines. 688 00:36:47,200 --> 00:36:49,920 Now 689 00:36:49,920 --> 00:36:52,960 the dark side of Dunit's discipline was 690 00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:55,760 that he demanded a lot from his yubot 691 00:36:55,760 --> 00:36:58,480 crews from the commanders and he put a 692 00:36:58,480 --> 00:37:01,359 lot of pressure especially when they 693 00:37:01,359 --> 00:37:04,760 were not successful. 694 00:37:09,599 --> 00:37:11,440 We know what the standard yubot tactic 695 00:37:11,440 --> 00:37:14,240 is. the ideal tactic, get in among the 696 00:37:14,240 --> 00:37:16,560 convoy shipping lanes on the surface 697 00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:18,560 late at night when you can't be spotted. 698 00:37:18,560 --> 00:37:21,040 But the game has changed. We know we've 699 00:37:21,040 --> 00:37:23,520 got the hard weaponry of technology. 700 00:37:23,520 --> 00:37:26,640 We've got the soft, incredibly ingenious 701 00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:29,839 tactics of Watu. The Ubot are up against 702 00:37:29,839 --> 00:37:33,200 it and they are being pushed. The 703 00:37:33,200 --> 00:37:36,560 pressure on them is like never before. 704 00:37:36,560 --> 00:37:40,040 Angle 30°. 705 00:37:40,079 --> 00:37:43,040 >> Grange 2,00 706 00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:45,040 torpedo depth five. 707 00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:48,880 >> They go in between the convoy rows. 708 00:37:48,880 --> 00:37:50,240 >> Open bow caps 709 00:37:50,240 --> 00:37:52,240 >> into the fourth row. 710 00:37:52,240 --> 00:37:53,599 >> Tube one and two ready. 711 00:37:53,599 --> 00:37:58,200 >> And they attack point blank. 712 00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:13,520 The McKe Sport, a merchant ship carrying 713 00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:19,079 68 men, takes a direct hit. 714 00:38:24,880 --> 00:38:28,400 Convoy, full speed ahead. Be on the 715 00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:31,680 lookout for survivors. Artich choke. 716 00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:35,079 Artich choke. 717 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:41,839 >> Let's send these bastards to the deep. 718 00:38:41,839 --> 00:38:44,320 >> Artich choke. Artichoke. 719 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:46,000 >> Operation Artichoke. 720 00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:47,440 >> Artichoke. Artichoke. 721 00:38:47,440 --> 00:38:49,680 >> To be used when a yubot attacks by day 722 00:38:49,680 --> 00:38:52,720 or by strong moonlight. The escort a 723 00:38:52,720 --> 00:38:55,359 stern. The convoy immediately proceeds 724 00:38:55,359 --> 00:38:58,400 to the torpedoed ship scanning with AIC. 725 00:38:58,400 --> 00:39:01,839 All other escorts turn and speed a stern 726 00:39:01,839 --> 00:39:04,720 the convoy until 6,000 yards past the 727 00:39:04,720 --> 00:39:06,000 stricken ship. 728 00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:08,240 >> The rest of the escorts move to the rear 729 00:39:08,240 --> 00:39:11,200 of the convoy and then basically scan 730 00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:13,920 forwards. The evading yubot will 731 00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:16,560 hopefully run into the line created by 732 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:19,680 the artichoke tactic. Again, they are 733 00:39:19,680 --> 00:39:21,920 using the fact that the yubot are 734 00:39:21,920 --> 00:39:25,880 concerned about being hunted. 735 00:39:30,960 --> 00:39:32,400 throwing depth charges. 736 00:39:32,400 --> 00:39:34,079 >> Once the escort ships are in the 737 00:39:34,079 --> 00:39:36,800 artichoke formation, another pattern of 738 00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:41,000 depth charges is dropped. 739 00:39:49,520 --> 00:39:52,520 Again, 740 00:39:55,520 --> 00:39:58,400 there are no direct yubot hits, but 741 00:39:58,400 --> 00:40:01,040 Operation Artichoke deters further 742 00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:04,040 attacks. 743 00:40:05,119 --> 00:40:07,440 The Mickey's Sport, there's 68 crew 744 00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:09,280 members on board, and it becomes obvious 745 00:40:09,280 --> 00:40:10,880 that the ship's just not going to make 746 00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:13,280 it. So, the order is given for them to 747 00:40:13,280 --> 00:40:16,800 abandon ship, to leave the vessel to its 748 00:40:16,800 --> 00:40:19,800 fate. 749 00:40:19,839 --> 00:40:24,079 Convoy, full steam ahead. Northern Gem, 750 00:40:24,079 --> 00:40:28,200 be on the lookout for survivors. 751 00:40:30,079 --> 00:40:32,079 One of the reasons the Atlantic War is 752 00:40:32,079 --> 00:40:34,480 really so terrible is because of the 753 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:36,480 fact that human beings are going 754 00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:38,593 overboard uh and they're going into this 755 00:40:38,593 --> 00:40:41,520 [music] terrible icy water. Sometimes 756 00:40:41,520 --> 00:40:43,680 into pools of oil and sometimes into 757 00:40:43,680 --> 00:40:45,143 flames. You have a life expectancy 758 00:40:45,143 --> 00:40:49,280 [music] of only a few minutes. 759 00:41:11,920 --> 00:41:14,560 survivors. 760 00:41:14,560 --> 00:41:17,599 >> Whole crew. 68 men [music] rescued by 761 00:41:17,599 --> 00:41:19,760 Northern Gem. 762 00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:22,079 >> Good. 763 00:41:22,079 --> 00:41:24,720 Good. 764 00:41:24,720 --> 00:41:26,240 A few years ago, I would have lost them 765 00:41:26,240 --> 00:41:29,040 all. 766 00:41:29,040 --> 00:41:31,040 >> What Roberts War Games identifies that 767 00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:33,440 deploying a ship that should be 768 00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:35,680 escorting the convoy to rescue men in 769 00:41:35,680 --> 00:41:38,560 the water, sometimes women and children, 770 00:41:38,560 --> 00:41:42,240 risks the defense of the convoy itself. 771 00:41:42,240 --> 00:41:45,200 As a result, in 1942, 772 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:47,368 designated rescue ships are added 773 00:41:47,368 --> 00:41:50,400 [music] to the larger convoys. 774 00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:52,560 >> It means the escort can concentrate on 775 00:41:52,560 --> 00:41:55,359 the job in hand, protecting the convoy 776 00:41:55,359 --> 00:41:59,160 and hunting the Ubot 777 00:42:10,319 --> 00:42:13,520 in Belfast. Christian finds herself 778 00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:16,480 plotting the course of her own fiance's 779 00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:20,720 ship as it gets closer to the convoy. 780 00:42:20,720 --> 00:42:24,240 Well, I really felt rather desparing and 781 00:42:24,240 --> 00:42:26,960 anxious and and worrying naturally 782 00:42:26,960 --> 00:42:30,240 because it was just an extraordinary 783 00:42:30,240 --> 00:42:33,280 experience to become engaged to somebody 784 00:42:33,280 --> 00:42:35,280 and there to find the whole thing was 785 00:42:35,280 --> 00:42:37,520 endangered. It was something of a 786 00:42:37,520 --> 00:42:40,480 nightmare to be living through this 787 00:42:40,480 --> 00:42:43,680 extraordinary situation where you had 788 00:42:43,680 --> 00:42:45,839 nothing you could do about it but just 789 00:42:45,839 --> 00:42:49,800 watch from a distance. 790 00:42:50,560 --> 00:42:53,760 The weather is atrocious and the orbeam 791 00:42:53,760 --> 00:42:56,480 its compass breaks. It's an absolute 792 00:42:56,480 --> 00:42:58,960 disaster. It finally manages to make it 793 00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:02,000 to the convoy and finds that it's hove 794 00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:05,760 to its stationary. 795 00:43:05,760 --> 00:43:08,480 The storm is now so bad, neither the 796 00:43:08,480 --> 00:43:11,839 ships nor the yubot can move. Until it 797 00:43:11,839 --> 00:43:15,119 passes, the convoy can only watch and 798 00:43:15,119 --> 00:43:18,119 wait. 799 00:43:24,800 --> 00:43:27,599 >> Do you ever lose faith, Jean? I mean, in 800 00:43:27,599 --> 00:43:31,079 what we're doing here. 801 00:43:32,079 --> 00:43:35,119 >> I can't afford to lose faith. 802 00:43:35,119 --> 00:43:39,480 How can I teach what I don't believe? 803 00:43:39,599 --> 00:43:43,560 >> This year has been catastrophic. 804 00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:45,680 >> There's lots of people in this place 805 00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:49,040 that will close us down just like that. 806 00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:51,440 >> There are no guarantees. 807 00:43:51,440 --> 00:43:53,680 We've never claimed that. 808 00:43:53,680 --> 00:43:57,040 >> We can drill them all we like. We can 809 00:43:57,040 --> 00:43:59,359 talk, 810 00:43:59,359 --> 00:44:02,839 set the stopwatch, 811 00:44:03,119 --> 00:44:05,760 but we can't recreate the ocean, wind, 812 00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:07,920 waves, 813 00:44:07,920 --> 00:44:11,160 >> the terror. 814 00:44:12,400 --> 00:44:14,880 >> We will prevail. 815 00:44:14,880 --> 00:44:17,520 I know we will. 816 00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:21,240 >> Yes. Yes. Of course. 817 00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:24,319 The relationship between Roberts and 818 00:44:24,319 --> 00:44:26,560 Laid Law seems [music] to be one of very 819 00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:30,640 very close cooperation, a mutual trust, 820 00:44:30,640 --> 00:44:32,880 mutual respect. And this is something 821 00:44:32,880 --> 00:44:35,760 that's really quite unusual for the age, 822 00:44:35,760 --> 00:44:37,119 for the era. 823 00:44:37,119 --> 00:44:39,680 >> I have every faith. 824 00:44:39,680 --> 00:44:40,960 >> I suppose that's what we have now. 825 00:44:40,960 --> 00:44:41,839 Faith. 826 00:44:41,839 --> 00:44:45,280 >> No, we have this 827 00:44:45,280 --> 00:44:47,520 what we teach them. 828 00:44:47,520 --> 00:44:50,760 >> We do. 829 00:45:04,960 --> 00:45:07,760 As the storm begins to abate, HMS 830 00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:12,960 Duncan's fuel is now dangerously low. 831 00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:14,560 >> Western approaches aren't going to like 832 00:45:14,560 --> 00:45:14,880 it. 833 00:45:14,880 --> 00:45:18,480 >> Do you think I like it? 834 00:45:18,480 --> 00:45:20,640 The last bloody thing I want to do. 835 00:45:20,640 --> 00:45:23,599 Leave my charge. The last thing. 836 00:45:23,599 --> 00:45:26,079 I have lives to protect on the ships and 837 00:45:26,079 --> 00:45:29,839 back home. What choice have I got? 838 00:45:29,839 --> 00:45:31,680 We've got just enough fuel to get us to 839 00:45:31,680 --> 00:45:35,560 St. John's. if that 840 00:45:40,880 --> 00:45:42,560 or 841 00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:46,599 we stay we're told. 842 00:45:49,839 --> 00:45:53,200 It may seem odd to us that any man or 843 00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:57,280 indeed woman would want to remain in a 844 00:45:57,280 --> 00:46:00,240 battle zone, but Gretton, like most of 845 00:46:00,240 --> 00:46:02,480 the men fighting in this war, they're to 846 00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:06,520 win it come what may. 847 00:46:10,240 --> 00:46:13,040 Duncan to detach. 848 00:46:13,040 --> 00:46:15,599 Ste a course for St. John's New 849 00:46:15,599 --> 00:46:20,599 Foundland. Best speed. 850 00:46:22,160 --> 00:46:25,200 Forced to depart, Commander Gretton 851 00:46:25,200 --> 00:46:27,760 knows he is leaving the convoy at the 852 00:46:27,760 --> 00:46:31,440 worst possible time. In the military, if 853 00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:33,599 you are not able to take part in a 854 00:46:33,599 --> 00:46:35,520 battle that you yourself have 855 00:46:35,520 --> 00:46:39,440 influenced, it can be incredibly 856 00:46:39,440 --> 00:46:41,359 emotional. It must have been 857 00:46:41,359 --> 00:46:44,359 heartbreaking. 858 00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:52,400 News of Gretton's departure from the 859 00:46:52,400 --> 00:46:56,319 convoy soon reaches Admiral Horton. 860 00:46:56,319 --> 00:46:58,720 >> Present weather conditions preclude 861 00:46:58,720 --> 00:47:03,359 oiling at sea. Intent detaching 862 00:47:03,359 --> 00:47:05,359 and he's taking three other escort ships 863 00:47:05,359 --> 00:47:06,880 with him. 864 00:47:06,880 --> 00:47:09,359 >> That ship was built in the 30s. It's not 865 00:47:09,359 --> 00:47:10,800 up to modern standards. 866 00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:12,560 >> Our commanders weren't trained to leave 867 00:47:12,560 --> 00:47:14,960 their charge. Especially not a commander 868 00:47:14,960 --> 00:47:16,720 like Gretton. 869 00:47:16,720 --> 00:47:19,359 >> With respect, sir, I don't believe he 870 00:47:19,359 --> 00:47:22,000 had a choice. 871 00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:23,599 >> We will have to live with our decisions. 872 00:47:23,599 --> 00:47:26,599 Roberts. 873 00:47:36,880 --> 00:47:40,640 It is now 5 days since ONS5 was spotted 874 00:47:40,640 --> 00:47:44,160 by Yubot 650. 875 00:47:44,160 --> 00:47:47,119 As the convoy reaches the black pit, 876 00:47:47,119 --> 00:47:49,520 Dernets is desperate for his wolf pack 877 00:47:49,520 --> 00:47:52,760 to attack. 878 00:47:53,599 --> 00:47:56,599 >> Message. 879 00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:02,800 Utilize all means to listen. Report 880 00:48:02,800 --> 00:48:05,440 every clue immediately. 881 00:48:05,440 --> 00:48:09,119 Every chance must be taken. 882 00:48:09,119 --> 00:48:12,480 Something can and must be achieved with 883 00:48:12,480 --> 00:48:15,440 31 Ubot. 884 00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:17,520 End. 885 00:48:17,520 --> 00:48:20,480 He's got his teeth into ONS5. And by the 886 00:48:20,480 --> 00:48:22,559 time he's done ordering up Ubot to 887 00:48:22,559 --> 00:48:25,280 attack it, there's around 40 41 four 888 00:48:25,280 --> 00:48:26,640 times larger than the Escort. I mean, 889 00:48:26,640 --> 00:48:31,000 it's an overwhelming number of Ubot. 890 00:48:40,160 --> 00:48:42,720 Knowing that three days ago her fiance 891 00:48:42,720 --> 00:48:46,240 ship HMS Oribe joined the convoy, Ren 892 00:48:46,240 --> 00:48:48,720 Christian Oldm refuses to leave the 893 00:48:48,720 --> 00:48:50,400 plotting room. 894 00:48:50,400 --> 00:48:53,520 >> Naturally, I needed to stay there. There 895 00:48:53,520 --> 00:48:55,920 was no way that I could leave the plot 896 00:48:55,920 --> 00:49:00,920 until the battle was decided. 897 00:49:01,760 --> 00:49:05,599 It was a nightmare to feel so helpless 898 00:49:05,599 --> 00:49:11,400 waiting for news which didn't ever come. 899 00:49:26,529 --> 00:49:28,549 [music]